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GREY Policy Brief No. 4, 2017: Tackling Undeclared Work in Southeast Europe: Knowledge-Informed Policy Responses
The policy brief provides an overview of the findings, lessons learnt, and recommendations for tackling undeclared work from four years of data gathering and research in three SEE countries, namely Bulgaria, Croatia and Macedonia. It underlines the fact that participation in undeclared work is a widespread and accepted practice in the economic and social life of Southeast Europe, yet this phenomenon differs substantially across and within the three countries. more »
 
GREY Policy Brief No. 3, 2017: Tackling Undeclared Work in Croatia: Knowledge-Informed Policy Responses
The current policy brief indicates that non-compliant practices are deeply ingrained in Croatia. One in eleven admits to have done some fully undeclared work. Six out of ten Croatians believe that at least 20% of their compatriots violate tax and labor laws. The perception of the widespread nature of undeclared work and the lack of trust in formal institutions seem to be the main incentives for people to engage in undeclared work. These have been further exacerbated by high unemployment and low retirement income. more »
 
GREY Policy Brief No. 2, 2017: Tackling Undeclared Work in the FYR of Macedonia: Knowledge-Informed Policy Responses
Undeclared work has deep roots in Macedonia as 1 in 16 adults and 1 in 8 of the employed population engage in undeclared work. Unemployment remains unusually high compared with the EU average. The continuing state and political crisis in the country from 2005 further sets the stage for non-compliant practices, including undeclared work. The policy brief notes that an effective long-term policy towards undeclared work and envelope wages should be designed aimed at changes in the institutional framework, as well as a reversal of the positive attitudes towards noncompliant activities. more »
 
GREY Policy Brief No. 1, 2017: Tackling Undeclared Work in Bulgaria: Knowledge-Informed Policy Responses
The policy brief shows that participation in undeclared work is widespread in Bulgaria. The undeclared economy is estimated at roughly a third of GDP, thus presenting a serious challenge to the country’s fiscal performance. Nearly one in ten people do some undeclared work. Bulgarians see undeclared work as deeply ingrained in their society. Undeclared work is motivated primarily by lack of trust between the people and the authorities. more »
 
CSD Policy Brief No. 69: Money Laundering in Bulgaria: State of Affairs and Policy Implications
Bulgaria remains high risk country for the initiation of money laundering schemes. The high share of informality in its economy, coupled with the low level of enforcement against corruption and organized crimes, renders the country’s financial system highly susceptible to money laundering. more »
 
Evaluating Governance and Corruption Risk in Bulgaria
Corruption continues to be one of the main social problems for Bulgaria a decade after the country’s EU accession. The Bulgarian public is one of the few in Europe, which trusts EU institutions more than its own government to find a sustainable solution to this problem. Making sure thе mechanisms of EU conditionality and public procurement support deliver on these high expectations is of paramount importance for delivering a lasting solution to Bulgaria’s rule of law problems. As part of the largest ever team of social sciences and humanities in Europe – ANTICORRP.eu, CSD has developed two case studies, which help explain the key risks of corruption in the public procurement market in construction and the way the EU has impacted Bulgarian progress on anti-corruption. more »
 
Hidden Economy in Southeast Europe: Building Regional Momentum to Mitigate its Negative Effects
According to the authors of the policy brief, not declaring in full or partially economic activities in SEE remains widespread in virtually all areas of government – permissions and licenses, labour contracts, social security, taxes and custom duties. It signals a persistent gap between formal and informal institutions and lack of coherent enforcement of rules. Corruption pressure is higher towards those engaged in the hidden economy. At the same time their susceptibility to corruption is also higher, confirming the institutional incongruence. The immense diversity of the scale (from 19 % in Croatia to 81 % in Kosovo), prevailing patterns (no written contracts in Turkey, non-payment of health care contributions in Kosovo*, envelope wages in FYR of Macedonia and Bulgaria, non-formalised business in Albania), formal vs informal wage average (higher formal wages in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania and Turkey and lower in Kosovo and Bulgaria) requires country specific tailor-made policies and sequencing of reforms. more »
 
Hidden Economy and Good Governance in Southeast Europe Regional Assessment Report
The current report examines the key drivers of the hidden economy and its impact on the overall economy in SEE, and in particular the employment, social and fiscal sectors. The authors focus on the links between hidden economy and corruption, especially the administrative corruption, related to VAT drain, tax payment evasion, social security payment evasion, and “speeding up” business related services. They propose new approaches for measuring and analysing the phenomena, as well as preventive and counter-measures. more »
 
CSD Policy Brief No. 64: Hidden Economy in Bulgaria: 2015 – 2016
In Bulgaria the high level of hidden economy undermines the economic development of the country and requires serious and persistent political attention. The unprecedented growth in the field of digitization of economic activities, the convergence between some of them, and the emergence of brand new services creates an opportunity for achieving a desirable environment, which may reduce the hidden cash flows and boost the economic development of the country. Comprehensive reforms focused on the functioning of the market mechanisms and administrative effectiveness are needed in order to promote the process of economic convergence within the European Union and limit the harmful effects of the hidden economy in Bulgaria. more »
 
Hidden Economy Indexes in Bulgaria 2002-2015: Results and Methodological Notes
The current document presents the methodology for calculation of the Hidden Economy Indexes in Bulgaria among the population and the business, as well as the results of the surveys for the period 2002-2015. more »
 

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