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| THE LABOUR MARKET POLICY IN BULGARIA (1990 - 1993)
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INTRODUCTION
Three years after the beginning of the political changes and two
years after the beginning of the economic reform in Bulgaria a
large portion of the population think that unemployment is not an
inevitable phenomenon. Data from a national opinion poll of March
1993 reveal that a mere 27.3 percent consider unemployment natural
and inevitable , and 63.3 percent think the Government should take
measures to stop unemployment. Full employment was achieved at the
'cost' of wage-levelling, low wages and economic non-viability, and
yet, many are still prepared to pay it. Old illusions die hard,
even if it is the conviction that governments can stop unemployment
and create jobs for everyone.
Ungrounded illusions and unduly high hopes are among the major
problems in labour market policy. Another is in the restricted
possibilities of the policy itself. A major source of unemployment
is the maintaining of insufficient employment over a prolonged
period of time which extends to cover the last few years as well.
On the other hand, the external factors for the economic slump,
among which is the collapse of the COMECON, as well as the war in
the Gulf and the embargo imposed on former Yugoslavia, placed the
economy in a state of collapse. Thirdly, the labour force was
definitely unprepared and not flexible enough to respond adequately
to the economic reform in terms of sector distribution and
ownership within a short period. A large share of the unemployment
figures therefore account for those structural changes.
The lack of adequately trained professionals and the high
instability of tenure of the few competent in the field are serious
obstacles to the implementation of the LMP. Very often, the
technical assistance generously granted by developed countries and
international institutions does not have the expected effect due to
frequent staff reshuffles among decision makers.
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